A bound hard copy edition of this report may be ordered here.

Acknowledgments

The editor would like to thank individuals in the law enforcement community who gave encouragement to this report. Some individuals who assisted in the publication of this report would like to remain anonymous.

Table of Contents

FOREWORD

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

I. THE NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION: GENERIC DEFICIENCIES IN RADIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE AND SITE INVESTIGATION

 
A. STATUTORY OBLIGATIONS OF THE CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS

B. NRC REGULATORY GUIDELINE 4.1

C. AEC RULE 1.86

D. NUREG-1301 (APRIL 1991): OFFSITE DOSE CALCULATION MANUAL (ODCM)

E. NUREG-2907: RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL RELEASED FROM NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS

F. NUREG/CR-5849 (DRAFT JUNE 1992): MANUAL FOR CONDUCTING RADIOLOGICAL SURVEYS IN SUPPORT OF LICENSE TERMINATION

G. NUREG-1501 (AUGUST 1994): BACKGROUND AS A RESIDUAL RADIOACTIVITY CRITERION FOR DECOMMISSIONING

H. 10 CFR PART 20, APPENDIX B

I. OTHER DECOMMISSIONING, RADIATION SURVEY AND WORKING DRAFT GUIDELINES

J. MARSSIM

1. Overview
2. Generic Deficiencies
3. MARSSIM as a Comprehensive Site Investigation Guide
4. MARSSIM: Summary
K. SUMMARY OF GENERIC DEFICIENCIES OF NRC REGULATIONS


II. THE MAINE YANKEE ATOMIC POWER COMPANY DECOMMISSIONING PROCESS: SITE-SPECIFIC DEFICIENCIES IN RADIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE PROGRAMS

 
A. OVERVIEW

B. DEFICIENCIES IN MYAPC HISTORICAL SITE ASSESSMENT

1. Hess and Smith: Pre- and Post-Operational Surveys
2. Maine Yankee Radiological Environmental Monitoring Programs (REMPs)
3. MYAPC: Secondary Radiological Surveillance Reports
4. State of Maine Surveillance Reports


C. DEFICIENCIES IN THE MYAPC SITE CHARACTERIZATION PROCESS

1. Post Shutdown Decommissioning Activities Report (PSDAR)
2. Duratek Site Characterization Management Plan
3. GTS Duratek Characterization Survey Report


D. A FAILURE TO ESTABLISH THE BASES OF NRC SITE RELEASE CRITERION

E. THE TRASH SORTING ALLEGATION INVESTIGATION REPORT AS AN INDICATOR OF ANOMALIES IN NRC REGULATION OF LOW-LEVEL WASTES

F. OTHER RELEVANT DECOMMISSIONING AND MONITORING PARADIGMS

1. The Case of Connecticut Yankee Atomic (Haddam Neck)
2. The Case of the Yankee Atomic Electric Company
3. Riso National Laboratory (Denmark) Environmental Monitoring
4. The Case of the National Cancer Institute ¹³¹I Exposure Report


G. OBSERVATIONS ABOUT THE DECOMMISSIONING PROCESS AT MYAPC

1. Unavailability of site characterization information
2. Radiological incident reports (RIRs)
3. MYAPC gaseous emissions
4. Cooling water inlet silt contamination
5. Hot particles
6. Reactor vessel segmentation
7. The Barnwell, S. C. "Low-Level Waste Site"
8. The Texas Low-Level Waste Compact
9. Irregularities in the Use of Reporting Units
10. The State of Maine as a Participant in the Decommissioning Debacle
11. Decommissioning Operations Contractor (DOC) Conundrums
12. NRC paradox: Information availability versus secrecy
13. NRC Database
14. The Role of the Media in the Decommissioning Process
15. A Representative Small Business as Beneficiary of the Traffic in Nuclear Waste


III. NRC AND NRC LICENSEE NONCOMPLIANCE WITH FEDERAL LAW

 
OVERVIEW OF NONCOMPLIANCE ISSUES

A. RADIOACTIVE WASTE MISCLASSIFICATION

B. THE FAILURE TO CHARACTERIZE THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF PLANT OPERATIONS AND DECOMMISSIONING

C. UNDOCUMENTED NRC LICENSEE RADIATION RELEASES

D. THE FAILURE OF THE DOE TO ACCEPT HIGH-LEVEL WASTE

E. DESIGN DEFICIENCIES IN NRC LICENSED REACTORS

F. IRREGULARITIES IN LICENSEE REACTOR OPERATIONS

G. MICRODEGRADATION MECHANISMS AS A THREAT TO PUBLIC SAFETY

H. NRC GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR DECOMMISSIONING NUCLEAR FACILITIES

I. THE FAILURE TO FUND THE STORAGE, TRANSPORT AND DISPOSAL OF RADIOACTIVE WASTES AT THE TIME THEY WERE CREATED

1. The Failure to Fund an Independent Spent Fuel Storage Installation (ISFSI)
2. The Failure To Fund A Multi-Purpose Canister Program
3. Monitored Retrievable Storage (MRS)
4. The Inadequacy of the Mill Rate Fund to Pay for High-Level Waste Storage
5. The Squandering of the Mill Rate Fund


J. THE POWER UP-RATE SCAM AS A TITLE 18 VIOLATION

K. CHECKLIST OF UNRESOLVED NONCOMPLIANCE ISSUES


IV. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

 
A. CONCLUSIONS

B. RECOMMENDATIONS


APPENDICES

APPENDIX 1. AEC RULE 1.86

APPENDIX 2. WHISTLEBLOWER'S LETTER

APPENDIX 3. MYAPC REACTOR VESSEL INVENTORY

APPENDIX 4. GUIDELINES FOR ANNUAL LIMIT ON INTAKE (ALI)

APPENDIX 5. UPPER BOUNDS OF NONCONTAMINATION

APPENDIX 6. CUMULATIVE FALLOUT INDEX

APPENDIX 7. DRAFT NUREG-1549 AND NUREG/CR-5512 VOL. 3

APPENDIX 8. LETTER TO SHIRLEY JACKSON


REFERENCES

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