Information about source points of anthropogenic radioactivity

A Freedom of Nuclear Information Resource

The purpose of RADLINKS is to provide the readers of RADNET with links to all the important WWW sources of information pertaining to source points of anthropogenic radioactivity. Part I of RADLINKS consists of the most significant WWW search engines for RADNET readers who wish to surf the WWW for more information on anthropogenic radioactivity or any other topic. Part II of RADLINKS is our ongoing attempt to consolidate the most important Websites on this topic in one easy to use location. This section of RADNET

The recent genesis of the Internet and the evolution of user-friendly, clickable links to information sources of every description also serve to open up the formerly circumscribed and arcane world of nuclear information to public scrutiny. The links to nuclear and environmental information sources assembled in this component of RADNET are part of that process. The instant electronic availability of information short-circuits what once was the effective and efficient control of nuclear information availability in print and electronic media. The editors who sit in offices at 63 Main St. (a local newspaper in Ellsworth, Maine, which is RADNET's microcosmic model for the nuclear information gulag) or any other persons who determine what news is fit to disseminate are now irrelevant. This does not mean that all the information necessary for understanding of the environmental, social and economic impact of plumes and source points of anthropogenic radioactivity is now available. Users of RADLINKS and Internet surfers will note that remarkably little nuclide-specific and media-specific data about radiological and mixed waste plumes are available at any location on the Internet. This lack of specific data contrasts with a wealth of references to these plumes and with the vast quantities of information on the Web about the environmental remediation programs directed at these plume source points. The labyrinth of DOE derived information about weapons production environmental remediation sites will often terminate in "access denied" just at that point where your mouse has arrived at a National Laboratory sub-link of a sub-link which appears to contain the nuclide specific data being sought. Despite the abundance of information available from the DOE, the NRC, and other information sources on the Internet, detailed inventories of the curic content of pulses of anthropogenic radioactivity are still a closely guarded secret. The same may be said for remote sensing data from that part of the electromagnetic spectrum which characterizes ionizing radiation (+155 ev). Even less information is available about the European nuclear wastebasket where environmental standards are two decades behind those in the United States. Freedom of information about the radioactive and mixed waste plumes in the European community may never be available. The largest nuclear organization in Europe, the IAEA, dedicated to insuring the safety of the world's nuclear waste pyramid schemes, has the least environmental information of any major nuclear related Website.

A. WWW Engines: RADNET recommends Google as a first choice among search engines. Second choice: Alta Vista.

A. Important Non-Governmental Nuclear Information Sources: USA Environmental Organizations - Also see Part II-F (Private, Academic and Research Institutes)

• Union of Concerned Scientists: This venerable organization was the first to raise important safety issues about U.S. nuclear plants. Current topics of this site include: agriculture, arms control, energy, global resources, and transportation; current publications include important case studies by Robert Pollard on U. S. nuclear power plants.
• NIRS (Nuclear Information Resource Service): One of the most important nuclear information sources, the NIRS site includes access to their important newsletter, Nuclear Monitor as well as alerts, NIRS net campaigns including the reactor watchdog project, NIRS net on the Web (full text of thousands of NRC rule changes etc.), NIRS net fact sheets, press releases, NIRS Web board, the NIRS toolbox including information on nuclear issues as well as alternative energy, and extensive links to other sites.
• IEER (Institute for Energy and Environmental Research): Another important nuclear information source, the primary focus of IEER is on environmental and security issues relating to nuclear weapons production and testing. The IEER site includes their newsletter Science for Democratic Action, as well as a fact sheet file, technical reports, publications, an on-line technical training classroom, and links to other energy and environmental sites. A number of IEER publications are reviewed in RAD 8.
• Nuclear Waste News: This key nuclear information resource contains weekly updates on safety, remediation, and storage of radioactive waste, political debates, technological advancements, and cleanup issues facing nuclear power and weapons facilities worldwide; also reports from Eastern and Central Europe, IAEA updates, etc.
• 1NuclearPlace: A guide to nuclear news and information.
• Abalone Alliance: Emphasis on promoting safe renewable energy sources as an alternative to nuclear energy, this site includes historical documents, nuclear news and information, Ward Valley information and one of the most extensive link networks to safe energy and environmental organizations and resources available on the WWW.
• AllRefer.com: An online reference encyclopedia, the link is to their Nuclear Energy: Physics page.
• ANP (Alliance for Nuclear Accountability) formerly MPN (The Military Production Network): An alliance of over 40 grassroots and national organizations working to address issues of nuclear weapons production and waste clean-up. MPN please update your site and tell us more about the important work that you are doing.
• American Nuclear Society (ANS): "A not-for-profit, international, scientific and educational organization. It was established by a group of individuals who recognized the need to unify the professional activities within the diverse fields of nuclear science and technology."
• Animated Software Company: This site contains a draft supplemental environmental impact statement for the Cassini Mission.
• Stop Cassini Home Page
• Space Debris Home Page
• BAN Waste Ward Valley: A coalition of environmental organizations opposed to the Ward Valley low-level waste facility, this site has information on the history of and controversies surrounding this proposed nuclear dumping ground and how to stop it.
• Bulletin of Atomic Scientists: It contains international reports on peace, security and nuclear affairs including topics such as nuclear weapons, nuclear power and the history of the nuclear age. Site of the famous doomsday clock, this important publication was founded in 1945 by scientists working on the first nuclear weapons.
• Citizen Alert: "Citizen Alert works to assure public participation and government accountability on issues that affect the land and people of Nevada."
• Citizens Action Coalition of Indiana: A not-for-profit coalition of organizations working to empower citizens and promote economic and environmental justice.
• Stranded Nuclear Waste: Implications of Electric Industry Deregulation for Nuclear Plant Retirements and Funding Decommissioning and Spent Fuel
• CARD (Citizens for Alternatives to Radioactive Dumping): "A state-wide non-profit organization devoted to safeguarding the people and land of New Mexico from nuclear contamination ... CARD has been monitoring the development of the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant - WIPP - since 1978."
• Everything You Always Wanted to Know About WIPP: "A Booklet of Information on the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant - the on-line version."
• Citizens Awareness Network: Here you can find information on New England area nuclear power plants: Yankee Rowe decommissioning, CT Yankee closure, VT Yankee shroud repair; NRC related hearings, FSAR petition, etc.
• The Radioactivist newsletter
• Columbia River United: "Columbia River United works to protect the Columbia River and all life dependent upon her."  The Hanford Nuclear Site is upstream.
• Committee for Nuclear Responsibility: One of the largest and most complicated environmental information Websites. Sponsored by the RatHaus, this site includes a section on the health costs of low-level ionizing radiation including the pioneering work on radiation hazards conducted by Dr. John Gofman, author of Radiation and Human Health, the most important book ever published on the health impact of anthropogenic radioactivity [RADNET editor opinion: see RAD 11]. This site also has extensive information on nuclear technology and links to nuclear, renewable energy, and other information sources and publications of every description. Excellent HMTL resource links as well as links to some interesting sites found nowhere else in RADNET.
• CCNS (Concerned Citizens for Nuclear Safety): An organization focused on increasing public awareness concerning the issues posed by radioactivity and the nuclear industry, this is a premier information source providing information about and links to WIPP, Los Alamos National Laboratory, and Intersate Nulcear Services. Following a three year federal lawsuit, CCNS became the sole authorized citizen monitoring group of a national laboratory (LANL).
• CRCPD (Conference of Radiation Control Program Directors, Inc.): A "nonprofit professional organization whose primary membership is made up of individuals in state and local government who regulate the use of radiation sources."
• Covert Action Quarterly: This magazine publishes some of its articles online.
• The Critical Information Project: Downwinders' Homepage: "Resources for anti-nuclear activists living downwind of nuclear facilities, and anyone else interested in monitoring their local nuclear polluter."
• C-10 Radiological Monitoring Network: "The organization began in 1980 as a citizens' direct action organization, called Citizens Within The 10-Mile Radius (C-10), whose purpose was opposition to the construction of the Seabrook nuclear reactor in southern New Hampshire. In 1991 ... [it] merged with the embryonic Citizens Radiological Monitoring Network. ... [It] is operated as a public education project."
• The Davistown Museum's Environmental History Links
• Dawn Watch: This organization's mission is "To collect, organize and disseminate information about the Dawn Mining Company's establishment of a radioactive waste site near Spokane, Washington."
• Downwinders: Originally founded to expose the plight of downwinders and to end nuclear testing at the Nevada Test Site, this small site also includes general information on nuclear and radiation issues.
• EWG (Environmental Working Group): "Environmental investigations have been our specialty at the Environmental Working Group since 1993."
• EnviroWatch: This is an organization that researches and exposes environmental abuse.
• FAS (Federation of American Scientists): The Federation of American Scientists is engaged in analysis and advocacy on science, technology and public policy for global security. Their projects include Arms Sales Monitoring Project, Biological and Toxin Weapons Project, Military Analysis Network, Space Policy Project, Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Disarmament, North Korea and Non-Proliferation as well as many non-nuclear topics.
• Project on Government Secrecy: Here you find excellent links to a variety of government secrecy related Websites including DOE's OpenNet, The National Security Institute, and National Security Agency Project: Open Door.
• Other Government Secrecy Related websites: One of RADNET's most interesting links and a key information source about remote sensing data in general and aerial radiological surveys in particular. Many of the sites listed in this sub-link are included elsewhere in RADLINKS.
• High Energy Weapons Archive: "A guide to nuclear weapons. This information is provided only in the interest of increasing public awareness of the physics and effects of nuclear weapons, and to provide a convenient accessible reference for understanding nuclear weapons related public policy issues." Nuclear Weapons Frequently Asked Questions authored by Carry Sublette is part of this Website.
• FCPJ (Florida Coalition for Peace and Justice): The Florida Coalition is comprised of local peace, church and environmental groups in more than 40 Florida cities and towns. This site includes the Global Network Against Weapons and Nuclear Power in Space and information on current demonstrations to stop the Cassini mission.
• Friends of the Coast: "Working everyday to restore and protect our Maine environment from nuclear pollution.  ...the only environmental organization actively engaged in the decommissioning and clean-up of the Maine Yankee Atomic Power Station."
• High Energy Weapons Archive: "A guide to nuclear weapons. This information is provided only in the interest of increasing public awareness of the physics and effects of nuclear weapons, and to provide a convenient accessible reference for understanding nuclear weapons related public policy issues."
• HEC (Hoosier Environmental Council): "HEC works to restore and protect Indiana's natural environment upon which all life depends."
• Nuclear waste shipment routes
• IFOE (Information Focus on Energy): "IFOE has been established to help YOU participate effectively in the decisions of three Federal agencies [DOE, DNFSB, NRC] charged with protecting workers, members of the public, and the environment at defense and commercial facilities using nuclear materials. ... On March 4, 1997, we announced a Company initiative to independently review the safety bases for the thousands of Department of Energy (DOE) nuclear facilities."
• Indian Point Project: "A grassroots organization united by our opposition to the nuclear power plants at Indian Point."
• Indigenous Environmental Network: This site includes information about Ward Valley, depleted uranium and other nuclear hot topics.
• Information for Action: "This website explains the environmental problems and offers solutions to fix them.  [It contains] a huge database allowing you to search for the contact details of thousands of politicians, business leaders, and environmental groups by name, country or using keywords."
• ISIS (Institute for Science and International Security): "Employing Science in the Pursuit of International Peace."
• Los Alamos Study Group: A non-profit, research-oriented, nuclear disarmament organization.
• National Environmental Coalition Of Native Americans: This Website contains information on radioactive waste and transportation, especially as it affects Native American communities with lots of links to Native American groups.
• NRDC (Natural Resources Defense Council): One of the largest WWW environmental information sources, this page is divided into four sites: environmental news and information, Amicus Journal, technical information, and links to "green spots" on the net. Includes extensive information on nuclear weapons and energy among many other topics, with a report on the environmental legislation of the 104th Congress as well as a sub-section on nuclear program publications including the very important work by Thomas Cochran et. al., Nuclear Weapons Databook series (see RAD 11: 5-A).
• NRDC Nuclear Program Web: "Tables and figures from NRDC's nuclear weapons database, which the Nuclear Program maintains in an effort to promote a more informed debate on nuclear weapons and arms control issues."
• The Internet and the Bomb: "A Research Guide to Policy and Information about Nuclear Weapons" - a comprehensive guide to weapons production related government information clearinghouses, publication repositories, nuclear related defense agencies, congressional agencies, international governmental organizations, non-governmental organizations and contractors, policy issues, arms control treaties, DOD manuals, GAO reports and just about everything else pertaining to nuclear weapons production. This site includes key links to the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA) and the On-site Inspection Agency and numerous other government sponsored nonproliferation and arms control sites.
• No Escape: This site is devoted to opposing renewal of the Price-Anderson Act (2001).
• NAPF (Nuclear Age Peace Foundation): The global contact for
• Abolition 2000: A Global Network to Eliminate Nuclear Weapons.
• The Nuclear Project: "Original concept images and data on nuclear power plants."
• NWCC (Nuclear Waste Citizens Coalition): The Nuclear Waste Citizens Coalition unites 17 different groups working on various aspects of the nuclear waste problem. "Our broad coalition includes anti-nuclear power groups, nuclear reactor communities, peace activists, nuclear weapons opponents, groups from contaminated DOE facilities, residents of sites targeted for nuclear waste dumps, and national environmental groups."
• Nuclear Waste Route Maps: Enter an address and get a map returned to you of nuclear waste routes in that area.
• NUKE: Nuclear Information World Wide Web Server, a compliation of nuclear related links.
• Nuklips: "NUKLIPS covers the anti-nuclear weapons and radwaste movements."
• PARDNERS (People Against Radioactive Dumping): The Ward Valley Nuclear Waste Dump Controversy. This site contains important information about the misleading waste classification structure which would allow large quantities of class B and C low-level wastes as well as GTCC wastes to be sited in Ward Valley above an important aquifer. This site also contains suggestions for waste reclassification. (See RAD 12: Section 5: Decommissioning Debacle: November 1997 for more information on "low-level" waste reclassification, including a link to IEER's important discussion of problems with and discrepancies in the current radioactive waste classification system.)
• PIC (Prairie Island Coalition): A coalition of 30 groups working to stop dry cask storage at Prairie Island Nuclear Reactor in Minnesota.
• Proposition One: The focus is on disarmament and first amendment issues; extensive links to many other nuclear information and environmental organizations.
• Deadly Nuclear Radiation Hazards USA: This site includes an important database listing all U.S. anthropogenic radioactivity source points, small and large. An interactive version of this database is maintained at the Los Angeles Physicians for Social Responsibility website.
• Public Citizen's Critical Mass Energy Project: Information on nuclear power, reactor safety, radioactive waste, and other energy issues, this organization is one of the most politically active energy information organizations and the publisher of the Annual Report on Nuclear Lemons. See RAD 11: 4.
• Rad Watch: "An informal group of citizens world-wide who measure the level of radioactivity near their home."
• RadWaste.org: "WasteLink, your guide to radioactive waste related material on the internet ... provid[ing] a reference source for radioactive waste management professionals."
• Rat haus:"rathaus is the German word for city hall. Here, the sense of city as community, is blended with library, a gathering place for people to come and explore issues and illuminate the space we live within."
• ratitor's corner: "Independent Watchdogs: An Antidote to Nuclear Pollution"
• The Committee For Nuclear Responsibility (CNR): "CNR is a non-profit, educational group organized to provide independent analyses of the health effects and sources of ionizing radiation." Many publications of the committee chairman, Dr. John Gofman M.D., Ph.D. are included.
• Redwood Alliance: Originally formed in 1978 to shut down the Humboldt Bay Nuclear Power Plant this alliance now includes issues ranging from nuclear waste to renewable energy, with a focus on political action.
• Report of the President's Commission on the Accident at Three Mile Island: An on-line version of this report posted by a concerned citizen.
• Snake River Alliance: An Idaho-based grassroots organization which focuses its work on nuclear issues, particularly monitoring activities at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory.
• STAR (Standing for Truth about Radiation): Their main concern is nuclear contamination at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL).
• Stop Cassini Earth Flyby: "The Cassini space probe is scheduled to execute a flyby maneuver around the Earth on August 18, 1999."
•    Why the Earth Flyby Must be Omitted: Position paper by Earl Budin, MD.
• Stop Military Toxics: A grassroots resource to stop military pollution.
• Three Mile Island Alert, Inc
• Nuclear Terrorism and Sabotage of Nuclear Power Plants: "There are more than a few terrorist experts who believe that a nuclear power plant will be successfully assaulted before terrorists have the ability to deliver a nuclear weapon. ... Considering the fact that a nuclear plant houses more than a thousand times the radiation as released in an atomic burst, the magnitude of a single attack could reach beyond 100,000 deaths and the immediate loss of tens of billions of dollars."
• Radiation-Monitoring Reveals Interesting Data: A paper reprinted from EFMR Monitor about radiation trends in the Three Mile Island area.
• Y2K issues.
• TMI-CMN (Three Mile Island Citizens' Monitoring Network): "A local, grassroots organization that monitors radiation in a 15-mile radius around the TMI nuclear facility."
• Trinity Atomic website: "Nuclear weapons: history, technology, and consequences."
• Urgent Call: "A new initiative to engage and educate a broad public about the growing danger that nuclear weapons will be used, and about practical steps to reduce that danger."
• U.S. Nuclear Accidents: "A compilation of some of the known events involving nuclear devices and facilities."

B. Important Non-Governmental Nuclear Information Sources: International Environmental Organizations - Also see part II-F (Private, Academic and Research Institutes)

• American Nuclear Society: "A not-for-profit, international, scientific and educational organization, it was established by a group of individuals who recognized the need to unify the professional activities within the diverse fields of nuclear science and technology."
• Anti nuclear weapons stuff: A listing of links from someone? at La Trobe University in Australia.
• Bellona: A Norwegian environmental site which includes documentation of the environmental problems and radiation contamination in northwest Russia. Alexandr Nikitin, Bellona investigator and author who was arrested earlier in the year, was just released from KGB-isolation in St. Petersburg on December 14, 1996. See report by Nikitin et. al.:
• The Russian Northern Fleet - Sources of radioactive contamination
• CND (Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament): Venerable British organization working for a nuclear-free Great Britain. It is dedicated to campaigning for the abolition of nuclear weapons and contains no information about source points of anthropogenic radioactivity.
• CCNR (Canadian Coalition for Nuclear Responsibility): This group is dedicated to education and research on all issues related to nuclear energy, whether civilian or military -- including non-nuclear alternatives -- especially those pertaining to Canada. The Website contains an extensive publications list and information on the Candu reactors.
• Chernobyl Info: ICRIN (International Chernobyl Research and Information Network): Lots of ongoing information on Chernobyl facts and news including an email newsletter.
• Chernobyl Journal: The complete home page for this Website is in Russian.  Included on this site is the Ministry of Emergencies of the Republic of Belarus and links to Chernobyl related articles in the European Foreign Policy Bulletin online.
• Chernobyl Radioactive Disaster (Belarus): "This file is an attempt to compile information on Chernobyl disaster and its influence on Belarus..."
• CNIC (Citizens' Nuclear Information Center): "A public interest nuclear information service formed to provide reliable information and public education on nuclear power and nuclear issues in general." This group is located in Japan and has information on the 1999 accident in Tokai.
• CRIIRAD (Commission de Recherche et d'Information Independantes sur la Radioactivite): This website is in French.
• CCRC (Concerned Citizens of Renfrew County, Ontario, Canada): Detailed description of the Chalk River Laboratory (CRL) complex of Atomic Energy of Canada, Ltd. which are located adjacent to the Ottawa River about 150 km northwest of Ottawa. This site includes a history of the labs, maps, and waste inventories including information about the current tritium leakage which is entering Ottawa River via Perch Lake. This location is also the site of a proposed deep rock cavern dump for permanent disposal of uranium and radium refinery wastes.
• DIG (Plymouth nuclear Dump Information Group): "Research and information on issues related to military radioactive wastes and materials in the City of Plymouth, Devon, UK."
• Ecologia (Ecologists Linked for Organizing Grassroots Initiatives and Action): An independent international environmental organization with headquarters in the United States and offices in Moscow, Russia; Minsk, Belarus; and Vilnius, Lithuania. One of the largest international environmental information sites.
• Citizen's Environmental Monitoring Network: Central and Eastern Europe, the Baltic Nations, Russia, Ukraine and Uzbekistan.
• E-TIP Homepage: A general guide to technical environmental information on the Net including nuclear information links.
• ECOLOGIA's Evaluation for the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)
• Ellis I. Evans: "The environmental significance of radioactive pollution emitted from the Sellafield nuclear reprocessing plant, Cumbria, North West England."  The site includes "a doctoral thesis on characterizing radioactive aerosols, soils and deposition samples from around the Sellafield nuclear reprocessing plant at Cumbria, UK."
• (EFN) Environmentalists For Nuclear Energy:  "A totally independant environmental non-profit organization which aims at developing information to the public on energy and the environment, promoting the benefits of nuclear energy for a cleaner world, & uniting people in favor of clean nuclear energy."
• Europe anti-nuclear walk: A European nuclear information site.
• Country Status Reports: Fact-sheets about the "nuclear situation" in various European countries and the struggle of environmental groups to effect change.
• For Mother Earth Slovokia: Mochovce link.
• (FOE) Friends of the Earth International: The Eastern European nuclear power plants (Mochovce, etc.) are one among FOE's numerous areas of interest. The Website contains links to the Siemens campaign and many European anti-nuclear organizations.
• FOE's case at the NIREX inquiry (A FOE UK site): This Website contains important information about one of the largest on-going nuclear accidents (Sellafield): NIREX's proposed rock characterization facility (RCF) threatens to expand the dimensions of the Sellafield plume.
• Global 2000: An Austrian environmental organization fighting against nuclear power plants close to their border; information on the Mochovce reactor and other European environmental issues.
• Greenpeace International (Amsterdam): The world's largest and most important environmental organization. Alerts, articles, audio,"...one of the best Websites of any kind anywhere..." (NIRS).
• no.nukes (The Greenpeace nuclear campaign)
• Radioactive waste
• Greenpeace USA
• Current nuclear campaign information
• Humus: The Project (Progetto di solidarieta): This project focuses on the agricultural contamnation effects of the Chernobyl accident on the people living in this area.
• The Chernobyl Plume: Country-By-Country Summary of the RADNET website has been translated into Italian by Humus.
• IGC (Institute for Global Communications): "A nonprofit organization that provides alternative sources of information as well as online access and comprehensive Internet services for ...organizations and activists working on peace, economic and social justice, human rights, environmental protection, labor issues and conflict resolution."
• International No More Chernobyls Website
• IFEU (Institut fur Energie- und Umweltforschung): The German counterpart and partner of IEER.
• INTAS: "Social Conflicts on Ecological Issues. The main focus is on Nuclear power plants, especially in Belarus (survey on change of ecological awareness due to the Chernobyl fallout), Ukraine (a good overview on the situation in Ukraine including data on power plants and ecological awareness) and socio-psychological diagnostics in regions with objects of techno-genic risk in Russia."
• IPPNW (International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War): This most eminent of non-proliferation oriented organizations won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1985.
• PSR (Physicians for Social Responsibility): "Physicians for Social Responsibility is committed to the elimination of nuclear and other weapons of mass destruction, the achievement of a sustainable environment, and the reduction of violence and its causes." It is the U.S. affiliate of IPPNW.
• Physicians for Social Responsibility, Los Angeles
• Deadly Radiation Hazards USA Interactive Database
• Medicine & Global Survival: This journal publishes about "major worldwide threats to health and to our collective well being and survival."
• Northern European Nuclear Information Group (N-BASE): News and analysis on the United Kingdom civil nuclear industry, including information on reprocessing at Dounreay and Sellafield, nuclear transports, waste and marine pollution. A searchable database of nearly 7,000 newspaper clippings.
• Nuke Waste Watcher: An ongoing blog about nuclear waste.
• PIANO (Prague International Anti-Nuclear Office): "The main focus of the PIANO project is to support the already existing resistance movements, specifically the Czech and Slovak anti-nuclear battles, by involving the international community in the campaigns to stop the construction of the Temelin and Mochovce Nuclear Power Plants."
• Réseau "Sortir du Nucléaire" (French language only).
• Ribble Roundup: This site is devoted to information about BNFL Springfields, nuclear fuel manufacturer to the UK and the Ribble estuary.
• Russian anti-nuclear campaign (Russian language only).
• Russian Research Center "Kurchatov Institute": This is the "General Nuclear Physics Institute" and provides information about their activities concerned with the Chernobyl accident.
• Chernobyl and its consequences (Project "Polyn"): This site includes a description of the accident and a literature list.
• Scotland Against Nuclear Dumping: A consortium of local groups which campaign for responsible radioactive waste management in Scotland...
• Stop Monju Breeder Campaign: Information on the sodium leak at the Monju Fast Beadier reactor in Japan: links to Monju opponents.
• SEA-US Inc. (the Sustainable Energy and Anti-Uranium Service): "A community based organization [located in Australia] established to promote and publish information on safe and sustainable energy production, a nuclear free world and anti-uranium mining issues."
• Swedish Anti-Nuclear Movement
• TEAN (Taiwan Environmental Action Network): This Website has an emphasis on radioactively contaminated buildings.
• WISE (World Information Service on Energy): An international switchboard for local and national safe energy groups around the world who want to exchange information and support one another. The primary focus is on topics related to the nuclear industry, such as new developments in policy and technology, nuclear proliferation, accidents and activities of local movements.
• WISE News Communique: World wide nuclear news service published 20 times a year.
• WISE Uranium Project: The most important information source on Uranium mining and milling; complements the information available in the DOE BEMR. Contains excellent maps available for viewing.
• Introduction
• Uranium Mining and Milling
• Statistical Data · Current Issues · Impacts · Uranium Mill Tailings Management · Further Information
• Uranium Enrichment
• Military Use of Depleted Uranium
• Phosphate Tailings
• Tokai accident (Japan)

C. RADNET Health Physics Links

RADNET receives many requests for information pertaining to the health impact of radioactive contamination. Since RADNET does not currently include this information (RADNET is devoted to documenting anthropogenic radiological contamination of the biosphere), the following links provide RADNET readers with access to as many WWW radiological health physics links as we are able to locate. Please email RADNET with additional suggestions for health physics links. This section of RADLINKS is currently under construction.

• AAHP (American Academy of Health Physics): "An organization that advances the profession of Health Physics."
• AAMD (American Association of Medical Dosimetrists)
• AAPM (American Association of Physicists in Medicine): "The mission of the Association is to advance the practice of physics in medicine and biology."
• APHA (American Public Health Association)
• American Journal of Public Health
• ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry): The ATSDR has just issued a very important toxicological profile for ionizing radiation. This profile is a draft issued for public comment; the comment period ends February 17, 1998. This publication is among the three most important information sources pertaining to ionizing radiation which the U.S. government has ever issued. For a RADNET review and critique of this draft go to RAD 6: Radiation Protection Guidelines.
• 1997 CERCLA Priority List of Hazardous Substances
• Top 20 Hazardous Substances
• Public Health Statement - Plutonium
• CancerNet - NCI (National Cancer Data Base)
• Committee for Nuclear Responsibility: A very important health physics information resource; see RADLINKS Part II-A for comments on this site.
• CEDR (Comprehensive Epidemiologic Data Resource): The Department of Energy has developed this program "to provide public access to health and exposure data concerning DOE installations."
• The Consequences of Nuclear Tests in Eastern Turkestan
• Gamma-Ray and X-Ray Spectroscopy with scintillation and semiconductor detectors: This is a California Institute of Technology senior physics laboratory experiment.
• Health Physics Related Files from FedWorld File Library
• Health Physics Society: "A professional organization dedicated to the development, dissemination, and application of both the scientific knowledge of, and the practical means for, radiation protection."
• Health Risks from Low-Level Environmental Exposure to Radionuclides: Federal Guidance Report No. 13: Part I -- Interm Version. This is a 185 report available in .pdf format.
• Harvard School of Public Health - Kresge Center for Environmental Health: This Website has information on cancer biology and environmental health issues including radiation biology, radiological health, inhalation toxicology, and environmental health engineering.
• IRPA (The International Radiation Protection Association): The world-wide international association is made up of individual members who are members of an affiliated national or regional Associate Society. IRPA now has more than 16,000 individual members in 37 Associate Societies which are active in 42 different countries.
• NRPS (The Nordic Radiation Protection Society): "The Nordic Radiation Protection Society is the regionale IRPA Associate Society for the Nordic countries, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden." NRPS's emphasis is on protection against ionizing and non-ionizing radiation.
• ISEA (International Society of Exposure Analysis): "The objective of the Society is to foster and advance the science of exposure analysis related to environmental contaminants, to human populations and activities, and to ecosystems."
• NCI/NIH (International Cancer Information Center)
• NCI report: on estimated exposures and thyroid doses received by the American people from Iodine-131 in fallout following Nevada atmospheric nuclear bomb tests.
• NIH (National Institutes of Health): This is one of the world's foremost biomedical research centers, and the federal focal point for biomedical research in the U.S.
• NIEHS (The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences)
• EHIS (Environmental Health Information Service)
• NHIN (Hanford Health Information Network)
• NORM: An "introduction to technologically-enhanced Naturally Occuring Radioactive Material."
• Nuclear Power Safety: An IAEA bulletin.
• OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development): The OECD publication: Chernobyl: Ten years on: Radiological and health impacts (1995) has an excellent bibliography of health physics research articles pertaining to the impact of the Chernobyl accident at http://is.nea.fr/html/rp/chernobyl/
• OncoLink Cancer News: A multimedia oncology information resource sponsored by the University of Pennsylvania.
• ONCONEWS: Oncology Electronic Newsletter
• Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute
• Bulletins, Press Releases, and Fact Sheets
• NCI Fact Sheet: Radon
• Lung cancer caused by radon exposure
• Radiation Effects Research Foundation Home Page: Located in Japan, this foundation researches the effects of radiation on humans with a particular focus on atomic bomb victims. Research laboratories are located in Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
• RadEFX(sm) Radiation Health Effects Research Resource: The Baylor College of Medicine Center for Cancer Control Research provides this service in collaboration with the International Consortium for Research on the Health Effects of Radiation.
• Radiation and Health Physics: This WWW Homepage is sponsored by the University of Michigan and contains extensive information related to health physics issues. It has been written for three distinct groups: the general public, students and the health physics community at large. Lots of interesting links to health physics information sources of every description including the ICRP and NCRP and their extensive publication lists.
• RIDIC (Radiation Internal Dose Information Center): A program at the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), this center provides "the most up-to-date information on internal dose estimates and internal dosimetry techniques applied to the practice of nuclear medicine."
• RPHP (Radiation and Public  Health Project Inc.): "A nonprofit educational and scientific organization ... dedicated to understanding the relationships between low-level, nuclear radiation and public health."
• THERdbASE (Total Human Exposure Risk database and Advanced Simulation Environment): "A data/model management system that contains total human exposure information. It is a single-user software package that will work with Intel 80486 CPU compatible computers or better."
• USTUR (United States Transuranium and Uranium Registry): "A unique human tissue research program studying the distribution, dosimetry and possible biological effects of the actinide elements (e.g. plutonium, americium, uranium, thorium)."
• X-Ray Radiation Burns: This Website discusses problems with  accidental overdoses of x-rays to dental patients.

D. U. S. Federal Government: Nuclear Information Sources

2. U.S. Department of Energy Laboratory Servers

The U.S. Department of Energy has numerous WWW sites on the Internet, including the mammoth Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Network. To link with this DOE site as well as with other U.S. Government non-nuclear information sources (EPA, Congressional Record, Library of Congress, etc.) visit RADLINKS III: B.

Section D-3: DOE Office of Environmental Management and D-4: EM Related Servers follows this listing of DOE laboratory servers and major environmental remediation sites.

• FPIMS (Facility Profile Information Management System): "The Department of Energy's Office of Information Management has designed and implemented the Environmental, Safety and Health Facility Profile Information Management System, which is a Personal Computer based information retrieval system. This system is the central repository for oversight documents consisting of Baseline Compliance Assessments, Action Plans, the follow-on Progress Assessments, other site specific information such as maps, fact sheets and profiles, as well as other relevant Department of Energy oversight-related documents...." This site provides information on all national environmental policy act documents, environmental impact statements, environmental assessments, Defense Nuclear Facility Safety Board documents, progress assessments, baseline compliance assessments and corrective action plans, environmental audits and actions plans and site profiles for 81 DOE facilities. It is the most comprehensive introduction to the labyrinth of DOE nuclear and non-nuclear facilities, offices, laboratories, institutes, administrative offices and accidents-in-progress.
• DNFSB (Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board): "...an oversight of all activities in DOE's nuclear weapons complex affecting nuclear health and safety. In the event Board reviews disclose an imminent or severe threat to public health and safety, the Board is required to transmit its recommendations directly to the President, as well as to the Secretaries of Energy and Defense."
• DOE Laboratory Servers: Many of these national laboratories are significant source points of anthropogenic radioactivity and have interesting annual environmental monitoring reports. Also included in this group are major DOE environmental remediation sites, which, though not laboratories, played an important role in DOE-DOD weapons production. The DOE Information Services also has a longer list of links to DOE Labs and Facilities Servers which includes the area offices.
• Ames Laboratory (Ames Lab)
• ANL (Argonne National Laboratory)
• Argonne National Laboratory-East Site Environmental Report
• TABLE 2.10: A list of inactive waste disposal sites at ANL-E described in various CERCLA reports
• Argonne Expedited Site Characterization
• Depleted Uranium Hexafluoride (UF₆)
• Maps of locations of Nuclear Power Reactors: WORLD MAP
• BNL (Brookhaven National Laboratory)
• Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab)
• Fermilab (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory)
• Fernald Environmental Management Project (formerly the Feed Materials Production Center)
• Hanford: U.S. Department of Energy Richland Operations Office (RL) which has links to most Hanford area public interest groups.
• 1995 Annual Hanford Site Environmental Monitoring Report: The tip of the iceberg of radiological surveillance data for this important source point.
• Environmental Monitoring Information
• Tank Waste Remediation System: Characterization Project: "These pages lead you to a variety of information about Hanford Site waste storage tanks, and the technologies used in them."
• HHIN (Hanford Health Information Network):The Network was created to provide information on the known and potential health effects of the radioactive releases from the Hanford Nuclear Reservation
• HHIA (Hanford Health Information Archives)
• Washington Department of Ecology
• Washington State Department of Health
• INEL (Idaho National Engineering Laboratory)
• Idaho National Engineering Laboratory Site Specific Advisory Board: Describes the activities of a citizen advisory board appointed to advise the Department of Energy on radioactive waste management, spent fuel management and cleanup activities at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory site in Idaho.
• Summary of the spent fuel agreement among the State of Idaho, U.S. Navy and the Department of Energy
• LBL (Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory)
• LLNL (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory): The University of California/Department of Energy provides links to most government sites and many science facilities worldwide.
• Earth & Environmental Sciences Directorate
• Environmental Technologies
• Molten Salt Oxidation (MSO)
• Direct Chemical Oxidation (DCO)
• Environmental Microbial Biotechnology Facility (EMBF)
• Geosciences
• The Safe Disposal of Nuclear Waste
• LANL (Los Alamos National Laboratory)
• DX (Dynamic Experimentation Division)
• The Health Physics Analysis Laboratory (HPAL)
• LANL/EM Waste Management and Technologies Analytical
• T-2 Nuclear Information Service
• Nevada (Test Site) Operations Office
• Nevada Test Site Community Advisory Board
• ORNL (Oak Ridge National Laboratory): This site offers links to the labyrinth of ORNL Websites and research subsidiaries. ORNL is the largest of the U.S. research laboratories and a source of more radiological information than any other U.S. laboratory. ORNL sponsors Nuclear Safety, an important nuclear information resource, cited elsewhere in RADNET. ORNL has many links which are not accessible to the public. It is the home of the Integrated DataBase (IDB).
• Comprehensive Integrated Planning: A Process for the Oak Ridge Reservation, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
• Directorates of Oak Ridge National Laboratory including:
• Energy and Engineering Sciences
• Life Sciences and Environmental Technologies
• Operations, Environment, Safety, and Health
• Computing, Robotics, Education
• Radiation Information Analysis Section
• Radiation Safety Information Computational Center (RSICC)
• Divisions of Oak Ridge National Laboratory including:
• Energy Division: The most diverse of 16 research divisions at ORNL....
• ESD (Environmental Sciences Division): ESD's mission is to understand and evaluate how the development and use of energy affect the environment.
• Health Sciences Research Division
• ETS (Environmental Technology Section)
• Radiological Surveying
• Restoration Technology
• Site Characterization Technology
• USRADS® and INRADS®
• PNNL (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory):
• Environmental Technology Division: A subcomponent of the huge Battelle Corporation, this site is the gateway to information about Hanford and other source points in the northwest. The Battelle Laboratories are the source of many research articles cited in RADNET.
• Bioprocessing Home Page: Important chemical fallout information available at this site.
• Columbia/Snake River Technical Management Team
• CRCIA (Columbia River Comprehensive Risk Assessment)
• Hydrology Web
• Data Resources
• INEL (Groundwater Data Directory): Note: this site is currently not accessible.
• INSP (Internation Nuclear Safety Program)
• Projects and Technical Reports
• Hanford Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 1994
• Projects and Technical Reports Wabash River Numerical Aquifer
• Groundwater Transport Scaling Studies Scaling Bacterial Transport Predicted
• Impacts of Future Water Level Decline on Monitoring Wells Using a Ground-Water Model of the Hanford Site
• RSG (Remote Sensing Group)
• INSIST (International Nuclear Safeguards Inspection/Support Tool): "...a remote monitoring/information management workstation focused on treaty inspection agency applications... providing multimedia information management capability across many data types, including maps, satellite and aerial imagery, still and motion photography/video, full text, and tabular data. The information is categorized on a geographically or location-referenced basis. The systems integrate analog (video) and digital processing techniques resulting in rapid data access and nearly unlimited storage capacity. This project is sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. State Department."
• Remote Sensing: Remote sensing of coastal and marine environments and processes with the U.S. Department of Energy's Airborne Multisensor Pod System (AMPS).
• Satellite and Other Web Resources: Interesting links to remote sensing data sources.
• TWINS (Tank Waste Information Network System) Reference
• TWINS2 (Tank Waste Information Network System 2): 403 Forbidden: "Your client does not have permission to get URL /TCD/main.html from this server."
• TWRS (Tank Waste Remediation Systems Privatization)
• Background for TWRS Privatization
• ROCKY FLATS ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY SITE: There is no hint on this page that this former weapons production facility is the location of one of the largest, if not the largest, nuclear accident-in-progress in the continental United States. See RAD 3: Nuclear Accidents-in-Progress; also RAD 11: 5: Rocky Flats. The following links include related non-governmental websites.
• CDPHE (Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment) Rocky Flats Health Studies
• Citizen's Environmental Sampling Committe - Executive Summary
• Spatial and Temporary Analysis of the Rocky Flats Soil Plutonium Data
• Rocky Flats Citizens Advisory Board
• Rocky Flats and Department of Energy Cleanup Documents on the Web
• University of Colorado Government Publications Library: This site contains links to other Internet sites containing Rocky Flats information.
• Rocky Flats Program of the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment
• Rocky Flats Grand Jury Uncensored Report: of January 24, 1992 on whether any person violated the criminal provisions of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act and the Clean Water Act.
• SNL (Sandia National Laboratory)
• CMC (Cooperative Monitoring Center): It includes information of monitoring technologies for implementing nonproliferation, arms control, and other security measures.
• AMPS (Airborne Multisensor Pod System): Multisensor data collection; higher spectrums currently classified information.
• RAMP (Remote Atmospheric Monitoring Project): Now being used by the Environmental Measurements Laboratory (EML) to measure air concentrations of radioactivity.
• NEST (NUCLEAR EMERGENCY SEARCH TEAM: The NEST is a group of personnel with special expertise and equipment managed and directed by DOE's Nevada Operations Office (NV) on authority delegated by DOE's Director of the Office of Military Application (OMA). The equipment and personnel of NEST have been assembled and developed by DOE for use in locating diverted special nuclear material (SNM) and in locating, identifying, and providing guidance for rendering safe nuclear weapons, IND, or RDD made or held in violation of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954.
• Nuclear Waste Management Program: The primary DOE source of information and documents about the Waste Isolation Pilot Project (WIPP), the New Mexico underground (salt caverns) disposal site for weapons production derived transuranic wastes.
• Savannah River Operations Office
• Savannah River Site Citizens Advisory Board
• SRTC (Savannah River Technology Center): "Technology Center," meaning that component of the Savannah River Site dedicated to monitoring and evaluating one of the largest nuclear accidents-in-progress within the continental United States.
• SRTC Information:
• SRTC Technology: "Known for its innovative approaches to practical problem solving, the center is applying new technologies to stabilize and dispose of nuclear materials, clean up ground water and soil polluted with industrial wastes...SRTC has expertise in five core technologies-hydrogen, remediation, waste management, sensors, and robotics...SRTC's work starts with a problem in the field. It might be the discovery of a plume of ground water contaminated with industrial solvents or the need to dispose of liquid high-level radioactive waste stored in aging underground tanks..."
• SRTC Technologies:
• SRTC Enviromental Remediation:
• Environmental Restoration
• Environmental Remediation Overview
• Environmental Data Warehousing:
• DeltaDev
• HOPS (Heuristic Optimized Processing System)
• SRTC Waste Management
• Savannah River Site (SRS) Dose Reconstruction Project:  A study by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to determine if the health of people living near SRS has been affected.
• SLAC (Stanford Linear Accelerator Center)
• U.S. Department of Energy Laboratories Risk-Related
3. Department of Energy Environmental Managment Sites
• U.S. Department of Energy Office of Environmental Management: This is the key DOE link to U.S. government nuclear information sources, although it is only one of numerous DOE Web pages. An overview of DOE environmental management activities is contained in the BEMR (Baseline Environmental Monitoring Report) link highlighted below. Site-specific environmental monitoring reports containing some nuclide and media specific data are available from all of the national laboratory links listed above as well as from other DOE environmental remediation sites.
• Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement Settlement Agreement with the NRDC
• Accelerating Cleanup: Paths to Closure
• DOE Keyword Search
• DOE Congressional Question and Answer/Testimony Database (searchable)
• DOE Reports from Special Task Forces and Committees
• DOE's Environment, Safety and Health (ES&H) Technical Information Services (TIS)
• DOE Office of Human Radiation Experiments
• Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments - Final Report
• DOE Office of International Health Programs, Environment Safety & Health
• DOE Operating Experience Analysis home page: This site contains "...environment, safety and health data, analysis, performance measures, and lessons-learned from the Department's operations ... a resource for analysts, managers, and safety professionals."
• DOE Operating Experience Lessons Learned: This page includes links to the Operating Experience Weekly Summary which includes safety incidents affecting the department's nuclear facilities.
• DOE Environment, Safety and Health Performance Measures
• DOE Operating Experience Data, Analysis Tools, and Information
• DOE OpenNet DataBase: Sponsored by the Office of Declassification, this database is the source of all kinds of interesting recently declassifed information, including site specific AEC sponsored aerial radiological surveys from the 1970s and early 1980s.
• DOE publications: includes directives, acquisition regulations, the strategic alignment initiative, plans and reports, and more.
• DOE Reports Bibliographic Database
• Environmental Management (EM) Public Information
• U.S. Department of Energy Office of The Intergovernmental and Public Accountability
• Nuclear Age Timeline
• Remedial Action Program Information Center (RAPIC)
• EM (Environmental Management) Newsletters
• EM Progress Newsletter
• Subsistence and Environmental Health
• Full Circle, DOE's Quarterly Solid Waste Reduction and Affirmative Procurement Bulletin
• EM (Environmental Management) Documents
• Environmental Management (EM) Fact Sheets
• Environmental Management 1994
• Environmental Management 1995
• Estimating the Cold War Mortgage The 1995 Baseline Environmental Management Report (BEMR)
• DOE's 1996 Baseline Environmental Management Report (BEMR): A gold mine of information on environmental remediation sites.
• Environmental Guidance, RCRA Corrective Action and CERCLA Remedial Action Reference Guide
• Integrated Data Base Report -- 1994: U.S. spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste inventories, projections, and characteristics: hardcopy of this, the most important DOE source of information about inventories of anthropogenic radioactivity in the U.S., is available from NTIS. This report is produced by the Oakridge National Laboratory for The Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management. See RAD 11: Major Plume Source Points. Comments on the topic of missing military high-level wastes are solicited.
• Federal Facility Compliance Act (FFCA): Access to the FFCA Bulletin Board, which allows downloading of the latest FFCA Mixed Waste Inventory Report.
• Speeches
• Risk Policy Program
• Information and Announcements
• Press Releases
• Conference and Meeting Information
• The International Consortium for Research on Energy and Environmental Management and Technology (ICREEMT 96)
• 11th DOE Office of Information Technology (OIT) Conference
4. Environmental Management (EM) Related Servers
• BER (Biological and Environmental Research Program): A subsidiary of the DOE's Office of Health and Environmental Research (itself a subsidiary of the Office of Energy Research, DOE labyrinth); the BER utilizes the unique multidisciplinary capabilities and facilities of the DOE National Laboratories and supports biological and environmental research projects and research infrastructure at National Laboratories, universities and other research institutes.
• NABIR ( Natural and Accelerated Bioremediation Research): A new (November 25, 1996, Federal Register Notice) environmental remediation program addressing clean-up problems at DOE sites with a focus on field scale research and metal and radionuclide contamination particularly those associated with nuclear weapons production. The emphasis is on natural processes as a component of bioremediation. This DOE program is separate from, but related to, the many programs sponsored by the Office of Environmental Management (see above).
• EM (Environmental Management)-Related Servers
• 2006 Plan: "In July 1996, to reconcile the pressing need to reduce spending in the short term while reducing both economic and environmental liabilities in the long term, Assistant Secretary Alm articulated a vision for the EM program of completing as much cleanup as possible by 2006."
• Contaminant Analysis Automation Project (EM-55 Project)
• CC&AT (Cross Cutting & Advanced Technology)
• NOAA Environmental Information Services: A forms-based tool that allows users to search for publicly available environmental data held by public and private sources throughout the world. In the event of a nuclear accident, will NOAA have access to reliable ground deposition data (etc.) from The National Reconnaissance Office and other classified information sources?
• TWINS (Tank Waste Information Network System): TWINS has links to important information about Hanford, INEL, and SRP tank waste sites (high-level waste).
• ES&H TIS Other Regulatory Information
• Regulatory Compliance Information Center
• DOE OSH Standards Interpretation Response Line Information
• Environmental Research at the U.S. Geological Survey: "Monitoring, mapping, inventorying, and forecasting with respect to the national and global environment are the cornerstones of federal environmental protection efforts." Also see NOAA, NASA and the EPA links.
• EnviroTRADE: An international environmental information system that maintains descriptions and graphics on worldwide waste sites and technologies. Matches can be made between appropriate sites and technologies. A geographical information system toolbox manages the spatial data.
• Office of Fissile Materials Disposition
• Summary of the Surplus Plutonium Disposition Environmental Impact Statement (July 1998).
• Congressional Research Service Nuclear Waste Status Report Jan-96
• Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management
• YMP (Yucca Mountain Project):An EM (environmental management)-related server, but a site that is separate from DOE. It contains all the information you will ever need about the progress of the Yucca Mountain high-level waste repository.
• Viability Assessment for a Repository at Yucca Mountain
• RCCC (Radiological Control Coordinating Committee): RCCC "consists of the Radiological Control Program Advisors from the Offices of Defense Programs, Energy Research, Environmental Restoration and Waste Management, and Nuclear Energy along with representatives from the Offices of Environment, Safety and Health and Field Management. ... The RCCC functions in a collective manner to promote a consistent and uniform emphasis in the direction and implementation of radiological controls."
• WIPP (Waste Isolation Pilot Plant): "The National Transuranic Waste Program is managed by the U.S. Department of Energy's Carlsbad Area Office."

5. Other Federal Environmental Monitoring Agencies
• EML (Environmental Measurements Laboratory): EML was established in 1947 as the Medical Division, a small laboratory of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. In 1949, the name of the Laboratory was changed to the Health and Safety Division and in 1953 it became the Health and Safety Laboratory. When the Atomic Energy Commission was abolished in 1975, the Health and Safety Laboratory (HASL) became part of the Energy Research and Development Administration. In 1977, the Energy Research and Development Administration was absorbed by the Department of Energy, and the Health and Safety Laboratory changed its name to the Environmental Measurements Laboratory. This is the key U.S. government source documenting anthropogenic radioactivity in the environment. A number of old HASL reports are sited in RADNET, as are more recent EML publications. There is a strange lack of linkage between DOE laboratories, especially those undergoing environmental remediation, and the EML site. Even worse, while the publications list appears to include all of the EML publications since the inception of the laboratory in 1947, no nuclide or media specific data is available at this site. There is no EML counterpart to the Riso National Laboratory cumulative fallout index.
• Homeland Security Monitoring Network
• Environmental Radiation and Radioactivity
• Environmental Radon, Thoron, and Related Aerosols Program
• International Activities: The site includes descriptions of EML's relations with international organizations such as IAEA.
• Radiation Transport and Dosimetry
• GAW (Global Atmosphere Watch): This is not an EML site, but is listed in this location because in the event of a nuclear accident the GAW will be working in cooperation with EML to gauge levels of atmospheric contamination.
• EPA (Environmental Protection Agency): See RADLINKS Part III: B for EPA links to non-nuclear information topics.
• OAR (EPA's Office of Air & Radiation): This office "deals with issues that affect the quality of our air."
• Radiation Protection Programs: "This homepage provides detailed information [for] the various programs associated with radiation protection activities."
• WIPP: Information about EPA's regulatory oversight of the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant.
• Yucca Mountain: "The 1992 Energy Policy Act requires EPA to set radiation protection standards specifically for Yucca Mountain."
• Technology assessment: "The remediation technology and tools center."
• Radiological Emergency Response Program
• Radiation Dose and Risk Modeling
• Air Standards
• Site Clean Up
• Mixed Waste
• Clean Metals Program
• ORIA (Office of Radiation and Indoor Air): "The goal ... is to protect the public and the environment from exposures to radiation and indoor air pollutants."
• NAREL (National Air and Radiation Environmental Laboratory): "Fundamental to the NAREL mission is the commitment to developing and applying the most advanced methods for measuring environmental radioactivity and evaluating its risk to the public."
• ERAMS (Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System): "The Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System (ERAMS) is a national network of monitoring stations that regularly collect air, water, precipitation, and milk samples for analysis of radioactivity. The ERAMS network, which has stations in each State, has been used to track environmental releases of radioactivity from nuclear weapons tests and nuclear accidents. Future uses of this network might include monitoring waste disposal and radioactive cleanup sites. " For an illustration of why the EPA still lives in a radiological stone age, compare the lack of media specific data (except milk) in the EPA Radiation Data Reports with the more detailed radiological monitoring data published in the reports of the RISO NATIONAL LABORATORY (See Part II: E below).
• ATSDR information on ERAMS
• Superfund: This link describes EPA's Superfund offices, provides an overview of the Superfund program, highlights key steps in the Superfund cleanup process, and explains how the program is enforced.
• Science Advisory Board: Included in the 1997 reports from this board is a review of the Draft MARSSIM.
• An SAB Report: Review of the Multi-Agency Radiation Survey and Site Investigation Manual (MARSSIM). This report is in Adobe Acrobat PDF format and is 77 pages long.
• RPP (National Radon Proficiency Program)
• CIESIN / EPA Information System: "An Environmental Catalog System to improve public access to and understanding of the United States EPA."
• Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center: Data and Information Catalog Services
• EPA Dataset Guides
• EPA Organizational Guide
• Regional Environmental Information Systems
• On-Line Resources
• Federal Reporting Data System (FRDS)
• National Institute of Environmental Health Superfund Basic Research Web Page
• NPL (National Priority List): RTK provides TELNET access to this important database. This link TELNETs you to their database and requires that your Internet Browser is properly configured.
• NASA (National Atmospheric Space Administration) - Other Radiation Links
• Cassini mission page: This page is a joint effort of NASA, JPL (Jet Propulsion Laboratory), ESA (European Space Agency) and ASI (Agenzia Spaziale Italiana - Italian Space Agency).
• Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics (ASCA): Cosmic ray mystery may be solved.
• NRC (Nuclear Regulatory Commission): RADNET has selected the most relevant NRC links in a very complex Website. Please note we have moved the Office of Public Affairs (OPA) link from its obscure location in News and Information to the top of our link list because it contains so many important sublinks.
• PERR (Public Electronic Reading Room): The NRC's new document search.
• Office of Public Affairs (OPA): Many of the OPA sublinks are already included in NRC links below. The editor of RADNET is having difficulty accessing electronic copies of basic inspection reports and generic letters, etc., that we already have in our office in hardcopy. Information on how to gain access to these documents is welcome (e.g. report number 50-309/95-24: Special Team Inspection of Refueling Events).
• News
• NRC Latest News
• 1997 NRC Press Releases and Speeches
• Schedule of all NRC meetings open to the public
• The Weekly Information Report is a compilation of the activities of the NRC program and support offices.
• Background papers prepared by the NRC Staff: This site contains links to 39 background papers on a variety of NRC issues such as vessel embrittlement, uranium mill tailings, incident investigation program, steam generator tube issues, and many other topics.
• Selected NRC Documents
• Maine Yankee: The full copy of the October ISA Team Report and the Decommissioning Report are accessible at this sublink. No reports prior to March 1996 are available at this sublink.
• NRC Brochure: General Information - Overview.
• NRC Technical Issues Papers and Fact Sheets
• Fact Sheets from NRC Office of Public Affairs
• Dry Cask Storage of Spent Fuel From Nuclear Reactors
• Disposal of Radioactive Waste
• High-Level Radioactive Waste Management
• Plutonium
• Steam Generator Tube Issues
• Transportation of Spent Fuel
• Resources
• Electronic Sources of NRC Information
• NRC Locations
• Public Affairs at NRC
• What Is NRC
• 10 CFR (Code of Regulations) index: The index for the 10 CFR (Energy) Federal Code (a codification of the general and permanent rules published in the Federal Register).
• NRC Technical Conference: Public discussion forums on issues including dose modeling, final status surveys, ALARA, license termination criteria, workshop topics and FAQs.
• Nuclear Reactors
• Maine Yankee: A detailed physical plant description.
• Nuclear Plant Watchlist
• The Daily Report is a compilation of three separate reports issued each business day. You may view text versions of these reports as follows:
• The Plant Status Report describes the current operational status of commercial nuclear power plants.
• The Daily Events Report describes current events reported to the NRC Operations Center by NRC licensees.
• The Headquarters Daily Report summarizes current staff and licensee activities.
• List of previous reports.
• Enforcement Program
• Nuclear Materials
• U.S. Fuel Cycle Facilities
• EPA: Multi-Agency Radiation Survey and Site Investigation Manual (MARSSIM)
• NMED (Nuclear Materials Events Database)
• Radioactive Wastes
• U.S. Low-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal
• U.S. High-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal
• Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards (ACRS) and Advisory Committee on Nuclear Waste (ACNW)
• Rulemaking
• Public Involvement with NRC
• Strategic Assessment Initiative
• NRC Database: Information and documents are made available at FedWorld's FTP site. This link connects to 48 NRC libraries including public comments, states comments, background information, enforcement information, program files, generic communications, amendments, health physics information, and public petition files of which 4 are provided as sublinks below.

Editor's Note regarding FedWorld: We have tried repeatedly to access basic inspection and safety assessments reports, etc., many of which we already have in hardcopy (e.g. report number 50-309/95-24: Special Team Inspection of Refueling Events). We have been unsuccessful in locating any report via the FedWorld ftp site including licensee reports, unusual occurrence reports, generic letters, and information notices. Additional information on how to locate older site-specific NRC documents would be welcome. (Warning: This site is often down. FedWorld utilizes an ftp/telnet system. FedWorld's FTP site is currently limited to 1200 users.)

• NRC-EP: Enforcement Program files.
• Index of Files: List of all files in the NRC-EP library.
• NRC-GC: Generic Communications.
• Index of Files: List of all files in the NRC-GC library.
• NRC-PDR: Welcome to the NRC-PDR Library.
• Index of Files: List of all files in the NRC-PDR library.
• NRC-RGIN: Background Information on NUREG and Reg. Guides.
• Index of Files: List of all files in the NRC-RGIN library.
• Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board: "The NWTRB is an independent agency of the U.S. Government. Its sole purpose is to provide independent scientific and technical oversight of the U.S. program for management and disposal of high-level radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel from nuclear power plants."

6. Other Federal Nuclear Information Sources
• Department of Defense Partnership for Peace (PfP): Activity reports
• Emergency preparedness program civil defense technology workshop
• FAA (Federal Aviation Administration)
• Regulation and Certification (AVR) Group
• Radiation exposure of air carrier crewmembers
• FDA (Food & Drug Administration): The editor of RADNET have been unable to locate any on-line information about the following FDA programs and market basket surveys, many of which have been a subject of FDA reports, journal articles and research for over three decades: market basket surveys for radionuclides in domestic foods, market basket surveys for radionuclides in imported foods, radiological surveys for body burdens of weapons testing derived isotopes, FDA surveys for Chernobyl dervived radiocesium and radioiodine, FDA radiation protection guidelines, etc. The editor of RADNET is currently seeking an explaination for the absence of electronically available data pertaining to contamination of the food supply traditionally collected by the FDA.
• CDRH (Center for Devices and Radiological Health)
• FDA WWW Search System
• Federal Chemical and Biological Warfare/Terrorism Websites: This is a list of links to Federal websites provided by the Center for Disaster and Humanitarian Assistance Medicine and the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences.
• FedWorld Information Network: Available in either FTP or TELNET formats, this U.S. government information directory is a gateway to the most important U.S. government databases. Sponsored by the National Technology Information Service, an agency of the U.S. Department of Commerce, it provides access to over 130 government dial-up bulletin boards.
• INSC (International Nuclear Safety Center): "A comprehensive resource database for safety analysis and risk evaluation of nuclear power plants and facilities ... sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). Although the scope of the database is world-wide, the current focus is on Soviet-designed nuclear power plants in Russia and Eastern Europe, and on reactor types in China and India."
• NEL (National Expoitation Laboratory): A recently unclassified government military website.
• NAS (National Academy of Sciences): "For advice on the scientific issues that frequently pervade policy decisions, the nation's leaders often turn to the institution that was specially created for this purpose: the National Academy of Sciences and its sister organizations -- the National Academy of Engineering, the Institute of Medicine, and the National Research Council."
• NAP (National Academy Press): "NAP publishes over 200 books a year on a wide range of topics in science, engineering, and health."
• NTIS (National Technical Information Service): The official resource for U.S. scientific, technical, engineering, and business-related information. If you are ordering information from the U.S. government, this site will be your number one resource. Warning: poor copy, high cost. Taxpayers pay twice: once to collect the information plus again to retrieve it.
• USNRDN (The U.S. Nuclear Reaction Data Network): A major source of technical information; no biological monitoring data. Links to major educational institutions and DOE laboratories.

7. State Government: Nuclear Information Sources
• (Maine) ACORW (Advisory Commission on Radioactive Waste): "The Advisory Commission on Radioactive Waste is an appointed State commission charged with advising the Governor, the Legislature and other pertinent state agencies and entities on matters relating to radioactive waste management and provide information to the public and create opportunities for public input in order to facilitate public understanding of radioactive waste issues." The hard copy of the monthly newsletter will often provide updated information before it is posted on the net and is available upon request from the ACORW
• Maine Emergency Management Agency: Department of Defense and Veterans Services: A site sponsored by the Department of Defense and Veterans Services with a focus on "the four phases of emergency management: mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery."
• Maine Yankee Emergency Guidelines - 1996: For comments on the controversial Maine Radiological Emergency Response Plan see RAD 12: Maine Yankee Atomic Power Company: Collapse of a Pyramid Scheme: Section 2-E, Public Safety Bibliography, Maine Emergency Management Agency.
• State of Nevada Agency for Nuclear Projects Nuclear Waste Project Office
• New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection
• Radiation Protection Program
• New York State Disaster Preparedness Commission: This site includes the Radiological Emergency Preparedness plan and protective action guidelines.
• Texas Department of Health, Bureau of Radiation Control
• Contacts for Other State Radiation Programs: "a clickable map which will indicate the available contact information for the radiation control program(s) in each state."
• Utah Division of Radiation Control (DRC): "Mission: To assure the citizens of Utah the lowest exposure to any form of radiation."
• State of Washington, Division of Radiation Protection

E. International Government: Nuclear Information Sources

• ANSTO (Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization): ANSTO operates Australia's only nuclear facility which supplies radioisotopes for industry and medicine. A leader in the development of AMS (accelerator mass spectrometry) technology which is 4 to 5 orders of magnitude more sensitive then conventional mass spectrometry technology for radiological monitoring purposes.
• Chernobyl.info: "The new communications platform on the long-term consequences of the Chernobyl catastrophe" provided by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC).
• DETR (Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions, UK): Information on radiation exposure of the UK population from all sources.
• ENS (European Nuclear Society): The European Nuclear Society (ENS) is the pan-European federation of 24 nuclear societies from 22 countries stretching from the Atlantic to the Urals and on through Russia even to the Pacific. ENS comprises more than 20,000 professionals from industry, power stations, research centers and authorities, working for the advancement of nuclear energy for peaceful applications.
• NucNet: NucNet is the World's Nuclear News Agency, operated by the secretariat of the European Nuclear Society (ENS), in Berne, Switzerland.
• Current NucNet Web news
• ERIN(Australian Environment On-line): General environmental information including some nuclear information (impact of nuclear testing at Mururoa and Fangataufa, etc.). The premier environmental information source for Down-Under.
• GSF (Forschungszentrum für Umwelt und Gesundheit): "A National Research Center, supported by the Federal Government and the State of Bavaria... focused on activities related to the protection of man and his environment from harmful effects resulting from radiation and chemicals, as well as the utilization of scientific and technical knowledge to improve environmental protection and health care. "
• HMSO (Her Majesty's Stationary Office): "...ensuring maintenance of a complete bibliographic record for Government publications." In past years, HMSO has been a source of some interesting environmental publications, especially those of the MAFF. Their current status as a provider of such reports is unknown.
• HSK (Swiss Nuclear Safety Inspectorate): This is a division of the Swiss Federal Office of Energy.
• The International Nuclear Event Scale (INES) for nuclear installations is a table used to express the severity level of a nuclear incident.
• IAEA (The International Atomic Energy Agency): A specialized agency within the United Nations system, The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) serves as the world's central intergovernmental forum for scientific and technical cooperation in the nuclear field and as the international inspectorate for the application of nuclear safeguards and verification measures covering civilian nuclear programs. The key oversight agency for the European nuclear wastebasket.
• INIS (International Nuclear Information System): Looking for nuclear information? Check the range of references in the IAEA's International Nuclear Information System (INIS), the world's largest bibliographic reference source in the nuclear field.
• NDIS (Nuclear Data Information System)
• IAEA Daily Press Review: The IAEA Daily Press Review is a summary sheet of nuclear-related items appearing in a selection of the world's newspapers, magazines, journals, and wire services.
• Publications: As a leading publisher in the nuclear field, the IAEA issues publications on a range of topics. This electronic version of the IAEA's Publications Catalogue includes descriptive listings of sales publications issued since 1980 and covers fourteen major subject areas.
• Search IAEA publications (World Atom Full Site Search )
• World Atom: WorldAtom's pages now feature IAEA Information Circulars (INFCIRCS), documents that the Agency regularly issues to its 124 Member States on a range of nuclear topics and developments.
• ICRP (International Commission on Radiological Protection): ICRP provides recommendations on all aspects of radiation protection.
• IJC (International Joint Commission): "Canada and the United States created the International Joint Commission because they recognized that each country is affected by the other's actions in lake and river systems along the border."
• Inventory of Radionuclides for the Great Lakes: This report describes how radionuclides are distributed in air, water and living organisms in the Great Lakes Basin.
• MAFF (Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food - United Kingdom): Historically the source of many important environmental reports pertaining to Chernobyl derived fallout, Sellafield, etc. This Website gives no hint that such reports are available, but they are if you have a MAFF citation, free of charge upon request. This office produced the Aerial Radiometric Survey in West Cumbria, 1988. See RAD 10: Section 4: United Kingdom.
• CEFAS (Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science):  A scientific research and consultancy centre which includes environmental radiological research, monitoring and assessment.
• Manifest(Russia) - please note: this site seems to be temporarily down. Censored?
• Manifest references
• NCRP (National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements): NCRP "...seeks to formulate and widely disseminate information, guidance and recommendations on radiation protection and measurements."
• NRPB (National Radiological Protection Board - United Kingdom): It's purpose is "to advance the acquisition of knowledge about the protection of mankind from radiation hazards."
• NERC (Natural Environment Research Council -United Kingdom): "The leading body in the UK for research, survey, monitoring and training in the environmental sciences. NERC offers an unrivaled breadth of integrated research, and gathers key environmental data into unique databases, some of which now span several decades. NERC funds research in both universities and in its own Centers, Surveys and Units."
• Centre for Ecology and Hydrology:
• ITE (Institute of Terrestrial Ecology): One of four Institutes which form the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, the ITE achieved a certain amount of notoriety when, following the Chernobyl accident, aerial radiometric surveys indicated ITE ground surveys grossly underestimated ground deposition of Chernobyl derived radiocesium. See RAD 10: Section 4: United Kingdom.
• NKS (Nordic Nuclear Safety Research): This is a cooperative body in nuclear safety and radiation protection. The main financing organizations are:
• The Danish Emergency Management Agency
• The Finnish Ministry for Trade and Industry
• The Icelandic Radiation Protection Institute
• The Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority
• The Swedish Nuclear Power Inspectorate and the Swedish Radiation Protection Institute
• NRPA (Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority): This site is in the Norwegian language.
• Radioactive Contamination in the Artic (in English).
• Technetium-99 Contamination in the North Sea (in English).
• NEA (Nuclear Energy Agency): "The main objective of the NEA is to promote co-operation between its members for the development of peaceful nuclear energy." A subsidiary of OECD, located in Paris (behind another nuclear information iron curtain). NEA sponsors an extensive series of nuclear information reports and research projects which are not available to the general public without authorization.
• The Environmental and Ethical Basis of Geological Disposal of Long-Lived Radioactive Wastes
• NEA html computer program descriptions: Skeletal descriptions of computer programs involving calculations of parameters pertaining to nuclear safety issues.
• NUSTEC (Nuclear Safety Technology Center) (Japan): "NUSTEC now conducts ten lines of designated-agency activities assigned by [Japanese law]. It also carries out broad research and investigation activities relating to nuclear safety, as well as extensive activities on nuclear disaster prevention, and education and enlightenment of the concerned and the general public. These activities are carried under contracts with the government and other organizations, as well as independently.
• RPII (Radiological Protection Institute of Ireland): RADNET has not linked up with this institute yet, but they do provide important radiological surveillance reports, especially pertaining to the Sellafield (England) reprocessing facility. RADNET is particularly interested in obtaining the RPII report on Sellafield derived technetium-99.
• Riso National Laboratory (Denmark): Established in 1958, Riso is a state institution under the Danish Ministry of Research. Riso began issuing an important series of reports on radioactivity in the environment of Denmark, Jutland, and the Faroe Islands in the early 1970's. These reports, along with their cumulative fallout record, constitute the most important systematic study of the bioaccumulation of anthropogenic radioactivity in pathways leading to human consumption that is available in radiological surveillance literature. RADNET readers interested in the subject of dietary intake of artificial radiation should compare Riso's environmental radioactivity reports with those produced by the Environmental Protection Agency. The professional reports produced by Riso are unsurpassed by any other nation or agency and have long been RADNET's most important information resource about the dietary intake of anthropogenic radioactivity. The United States government may have generated a larger body of data on this subject, but this information is not as accessible nor as well organized as the Riso reports.
• Interaction and effects of radioactive and other pollutants in ecosystems (Asker Aarkrog): The Riso National Laboratory has a complicated and extensive home page, not all of which is in English. This is the pertinent click on for information on anthropogenic radioactivity.
• UNEP Collaborating centre on Energy and Environment: This is Riso's link to the United Nations environmental program.
• DANDOK Database: The database contains information on research performed in Denmark including journal articles and other publications.
• (SEPA) Scottish Environment Protection Agency: "The Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA) is a powerful new body which is responsible for the protection of the environment in Scotland. SEPA became fully operational on 1 April 1996."
• SKI (Swedish Nuclear Power Inspectorate): This important Swedish nuclear agency currently has no Internet site.
• NPS (Division of Nuclear Power Safety): This program is supported by the Swedish Nuclear Safety Inspectorate (SKI), and is on the Internet.
• STUK (The Finnish Center for Radiation and Nuclear Safety): This agency compiled the most extensive series of reports on the Chernobyl accident that is available from any nation in the world (see RAD 10: Section 4: Finland). These reports are available upon request from STUK.
• UKAEA (United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority): UKAEA is responsible for the decommissioning of nuclear reactors and other nuclear liabilities used for the UK nuclear energy R&D programme.
• WHO (World Health Organization): WHO "...pursues a wide variety of goals in all areas relevant to health - including lifestyles, the environment and health services."
• GERMON (Global Environmental Radiation Monitoring): This site does the impossible: provide even less media specific information about environmental radiation than the EPA's ERAMS.


F. Academic Institutions and Research Institutes: Nuclear Information Sources

• A-Bomb WWW Museum
• ANRC (Amarillo National Resource Center for Plutonium) (the Center): "The Center is a scientific and technical resource for the storage, disposition, transportation, and use of the materials remaining after the disassembly of nuclear weapons."
• Electronic Resource Library: "A searchable library of plutonium information."
• CNS (Center for Nonproliferation Studies): CNS research focuses on the non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD). It has a unique project for building communities of nonproliferation specialists in the newly independent states of the former Soviet Union and in Asia. Its publications include The Nonproliferation Review and The Inventory of International Nonproliferation Organizations and Regimes. This premier non-proliferation Website contains links to other important non-proliferation Websites.
• CNS proliferation Databases: Subscriber's have access to abstracts of over 22,000 articles, books, broadcasts, etc. on the development and spread of WMD technologies. This site also has profiles of important issues concerning nuclear smuggling, export controls, and fissile material protection. A Demo is available.
• Dalhousie University: This site has information on radiation dosimetry and links to health physics resources on the Internet.
• ERMF (Environmental Radioactivity Measurement Facility): "ERMF is located within the Department of Oceanography at Florida State University."
• "Irish Sea Sediment IAEA-135, the Irish Sea, and the Sellafield Reprocessing Discharges": This information is from a master's thesis investigation.
• ERIM (The Environmental Research Institute of Michigan): an independent, nonprofit, contract research organization that specializes in imaging technologies, including sensor system design and development, data and image processing, and applications. ERIM operates with close ties to universities and federal government agencies, etc.
• Government Accountability Project: GAP provides legal and other professional assistance to nuclear and governmental whistleblowers, especially at DOE nuclear weapons plant sites.
• Hiroshima Bombing Information: Some information on the bombing of Hiroshima, Japan.
• Institute of Risk Research:  This is located at the University of Vienna, Austria.
• ORISE (Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education): "A Department of Energy facility managed and operated by Oak Ridge Associated Universities." Their programs include radiological site characterization and cleanup verification, emergency preparedness and the Radiation Internal Dose Information Center.
• NCI (Nuclear Control Institute): The NCI site contains information on nuclear proliferation, the dangers of plutonium and uranium, and the unnecessary extraction of plutonium from reactor wastes for use as fuel in nuclear power plants. The pictorial content is excellent. This site may not be the largest on the Web, but the subject of the proliferation of fissile material is the most important subject on the Web and a key concern in the evolution of RADNET as an information source about anthropogenic radioactivity. A very important site.
• Radioactive Sea Shipments: Japan, Britain & France are beginning to ship plutonium wastes by sea in containers that can't survive a sinking. What can be done to stop them?
• Plutonium Air Shipments: By the speck, plutonium can kill. By the ton, it will be flown in casks that can't survive a plane crash. Why?
• Plutonium on the Internet
• The Plutonium Threat
• The Uranium Threat
• Interactive maps: These maps will zoom you in to the nuclear plant and utility company closest to your home.
• Saddam and the Bomb
• Netherlands Energy Research Foundation (ECN): "ECN carries out basic and applied research in the fields of nuclear energy, fossil fuels, renewable energy sources, policy studies, environmental aspects of energy supply and the development and application of new materials. "
• New Mexico State University (NMSU)
• An Introduction to Cosmic Ray Research from the R.L. Golden Particle Astrophysics Laboratory.
• Nuclear Proliferation News (DFax): A site concerned with international security issues. Their projects include the researching and production of specialist publications such as Disarmament Diplomacy, Military & Arms Transfers News, Nuclear Proliferation News and International Peacekeeping News.
• OMRI (Open Media Research Institute): Located in the Czech Republic, this is a "quasi-governmental research enterprise funded jointly by the U.S. Board for International Broadcasting and the Open Society Institute, monitoring Eastern Europe and Eurasia."
• Oregon State University (OSU)
• Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Health Physics
• Radiation and Life
• Point Source: "An on-line repository of information related to the nuclear industry and the use of nuclear technology. It is being operated and maintained at the University of Wisconsin-Madison College of Engineering by the members of the American Nuclear Society Student Branch located there."
• Atomic Energy Insights: Monthly publication by Adams Atomic Engines, Inc. "Our entering argument is that nuclear energy exists. We focus on its potential for making the world a cleaner and more prosperous place to live."
• Sellafield: "The Environmental Characterisation of Particulate-Associated Radioactivity Deposited Close to the Sellafield Nuclear Reprocessing Plant, Cumbria UK."
• SLU (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences): Homepage of the Department of Radioecology.
• The Chernobyl-accident: This SLU sublink contains one of the few unclassified aerial radiometric surveys of Chernobyl derived radiocesium fallout available anywhere.
• Texas A&M University Department of Nuclear Engineering: This site also includes health physics (RADIOLOGICAL HEALTH ENGINEERING.)
• Todd's Atomic Homepage: An enthusiastic compilation of links to nuclear industries and activities of every description; short on links to environmental organizations. An excellent collection of links to government nuclear information sources. (Nuclear Data = Nuclear Dada).
• Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory: A Department of Energy-funded laboratory with research faculty from the three major Research Triangle Universities, Duke University, North Carolina State University, and the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
• U.S. Nuclear Weapons Cost Study Project (Atomic Audit): Information from a major study on the comprehensive costs of more than 50 years of U. S. nuclear weapons production, testing, and deployment; current and historical nuclear weapons expenditures; detailed descriptions of weapons production and testing facilities, nuclear stockpiles, and weapons tests and links to sites for nuclear weapons information.
• University of Bergen (Norway) Physics Department: Fysisk institutt, Universitetet i Bergen.
• University of Maine Physics Department: Radon in Water and Air: Health Risks and Control Measures: "This document is an updated and expanded Web-version of an information digest, Radon in Water and Air (1983, Rev. 1986)."
• Radiation Education and Environmental Radiation at the University of Maine: This document is sponsored in part by Maine Yankee.
• University of Nevada, Las Vegas
• Harry Reid Center for Environmental Studies: This site includes the Exposure Chamber Laboratory for modeling human exposure to pollutants, information on groundwater chemistry and NRAMP (Nevada Risk Assessment Management Program).
• Community Advisory Board (CAB) for Nevada Test Site Programs: "A formal group of volunteer, independent, nonpartisan citizens and ex officio members organized and dedicated to providing informed recommendations and advice to the Department of Energy (DOE) on policy, technical issues and decisions related to cleanup and waste management activities at the Nevada Test Site (NTS)."
• University of Nevada, Reno
• The Mackay School of Mines
• University Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering (CESE)
• Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution WWW Server: Woods Hole is devoted to oceanographic research and education, including participation in a U.S. joint global ocean flux study as well as global climate change research. This is the home base of Hugh Livingston and other famous researchers. W.H.O.I. research and publications are among the most important sources of data about baseline levels of environmental radioactivity and anthropogenic radioactivity in the marine environment. Electronic library capabilities include links to databases such as Medline and marine and biomedical research resources. Its not an obvious source of nuclear information about anthropogenic radioactivity, however, check the W.H.O.I. Abstracts of Papers and/or the library catalog for some of their interesting research on Chernobyl and weapons testing fallout in the marine environment.
• Joint Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Science Library


G. Private Industry: Nuclear Information Sources

1. U.S. Nuclear Power Plants
 

MYAPC (Maine Yankee Atomic Power Company): An NRC link providing detailed plant information including facility statistics, emergency response information, plant description summary, plant system diagrams, and detailed plant system data. No information is available at this site about ongoing safety and legal issues, decommissioning deficits, onsite inventories of radioactive waste or environmental monitoring information. For information of this type see Rad 12: MYAPC: Paradigm of the Twilight of the Nuclear Era: Collapse of a Pyramid Scheme. MYAPC home page: This link goes to the home page maintained by the Maine Yankee Atomic Power Company. Central Maine Power Co.: A 38 percent owner of MYAPC. Entergy Corporation: "In 1997, Maine Yankee's Board of Directors and Entergy Nuclear, Inc. (ENI) of New Orleans entered into a contract with Entergy to provide management services for the operation [of] Maine Yankee." Stone & Webster: "A leading global provider of full-service, value-added engineering, procurement, construction, consultation and environmental services to the power, process, governmental and industrial markets." This company has been selected "to execute a $250 million decommissioning and decontamination" of MYAPC.

• Duke Energy Corporation: In October 1997, this company aquired the Nuclear Services Division (NSD) of the Yankee Atomic Electric Company. This mega-corporation's interests include several nuclear power companies.
• Maps of locations of Nuclear Power Reactors: NORTH AMERICA
• YAEC (Yankee Atomic Electric Company): The business responsible for the completion of the decommissioning of the Yankee nuclear power plant in Rowe, Massachusetts.

2. Foreign Nuclear Power Plants
• BNFL (British Nuclear Fuels Limited): Click on BNFL's 'Hot Issues' link for information on the recent shipment of vitrified residues from France to Japan. While this site has minimal information on this waste shipment as well as on the environmental impact of BNFL operations, it does provide links to all BNFL facilities:
• Sellafield: See RAD 11:7 for a small selection of citations pertaining to the largest nuclear accident-in-progress outside of the former Soviet Union and the continental United States.
• Calder Hall Magnox Power Station
• Magnox Reactor Fuel Reprocessing Plant
• Thermal Oxide Fuel Reprocessing Plant (Thorp)
• Waste treatment plants and storage facilities
• Springfields
• Capenhurst
• Chapelcross
• Calder Hall
• Risley
• British Nuclear Industry Forum: The trade association and voice of Britain's nuclear energy industry.
• Maps of locations of Nuclear Power Reactors: WORLD MAP
• NIREX: Nirex is financed by organizations which will eventually dispose of their wastes in the Nirex repository: British Nuclear Fuels plc; Nuclear Electric plc; UK Atomic Energy Authority, Scottish Nuclear Ltd. and the Ministry of Defense (MoD).

3. Private Research Institutes
• EPRI (Electric Power Research Institute): "The Mission of the Electric Power Research Institute is to discover, develop, and deliver high value technological advances through networking and partnership with the electricity industry."
• Uranium Institute: "The International Association for Nuclear Energy: The Uranium Institute is the only independent, non-governmental, global organisation to offer a forum for research and debate on economic, technical and political issues affecting the peaceful use of nuclear energy."
• Uranium Institute Weekly News Briefings: "News Briefings are a weekly news update on all aspects of uranium mining, nuclear power generation, and reprocessing prepared by the Uranium Institute." They go back to Nov. 1993 and are available by Fax or e-mail subscription.
• Health Effects of the Chernobyl Accident: Abstract of a paper by Vladimir G. Bebeshko for the 1995 Uranium Institute Symposium.


4. Dosimetry Equipment

• Atlantic Nuclear Corporation: "The company sells radiation detection instrumentation and accessories, shielding systems, protective clothing, and will design and develop specialty items to meet the needs of the customer."
• Black Cat Systems: GM-10 Radiation Detector and Software for Windows and Macintosh.
• Eberline Instruments: This company designs and manufactures radiation detection instrumentation.
• Gamma-Scout: A hand held general purpose Geiger counter and radiation detector.
• Ludlum Measurements, Inc.: Designers and manufacturers of radiation detection equipment.
• Packard Instrument Company: Tools for Life Science Research.
• Gamma counters


5. Other Private Industry

• EG&G: "A global technology company that provides complete systems, components, and skilled support services to government and industrial customers." EG&G is an important DOE subcontractor which will play an important role in aerial surveys of any future nuclear accident. Most information about the aerial radiometric surveillance technology provided by this company is classified.
• Environmental Industry Web: "A collection of Internet resources for the environmental industry." This site turned up as a sublink on the Savannah River Site home page and is intended to be of use to environmental remediation contractors working on DOE EM sites.
• ISRI (Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries, Inc.): This site includes information on radioactive materials in the scrap recycling process.
• IEM (Integrated Environmental Management, Inc.): "IEM delivers strategic health physics (radiation safety), nuclear engineering, and environmental services to both government and commercial clients." The site includes listings of Federal Register citations pertaining to radiation, news items and upcoming events.
• MRS (Minerals Research Society): "The Materials Research Society is a non-profit organization ... to share findings in the research and development of new materials of technological importance" including those used in nuclear waste management.
• NEI (Nuclear Energy Institute): The nuclear energy industry's Washington-based trade association, representing about 400 companies and organizations worldwide.
• NHK (Japan Broadcasting Corporation): A new Internet site under construction which presently contains a cyber exhibit on the origins of the nuclear age based in part upon the Smithsonian Institution's canceled Enola Gay and the Atomic Bomb exhibition. Internet browsers are invited to view the contents of this canceled exhibition and participate in a forum entitled "Nuclear arms and the human race" sponsored by Japan's only public broadcasting network.
• Nuclear Information World Wide Web Server: Here you can find information about and links to the main participants in the ritual of aversion about source points of anthropogenic radioactivity.
• Power Online: The marketplace for professionals in the power industry.
• (RSA) Radiation Safety Associates: Their services include: health physics consulting, decontamination/decommissioning projects, waste packaging, respiratory protection programs, radioanalytical laboratory services, and books and professional journals for the health physics profession.
• Radioactive Waste Management Associates: A team of scientists, economists and engineers who carefully evaluate the impact and conduct risk assessments of proposed and extant radioactive waste facilities. "We perform engineering and economic analyses of low-level waste facilities, develop cost-based waste disposal pricing systems, and evaluate the impacts of transporting radioactive waste and clean-up options on the public health and the environment." They have an excellent publication list on low-level waste issues.
• Steel Manufacturers Association
• Radioactive Scrap
• Uranium Information Centre: Melbourne, Australia.
• WMA (Wyoming Mining Association): This page provides information about the Wyoming uranium industry.


H. Depleted Uranium: Uranium Tipped Weapons
Many of the information sites given above also include information on this topic.  Below are listed some specific ones, but also search NIRS etc.

• Depleted UF6 Management Program: The DOE has developed this site to facilitate the exchange of information.
• Downwind: "Depleted Uranium Weapons in the Age of Virtual War" (2001) 50 minute video.
• IAC (International Action Center): This Website includes the Depleted Uranium Education Project.
• Mid-East Realities
• Military Toxins Project
• The National Gulf War Resource Center, Inc.
• South Movement: This is an Australian activist group.  Among their interests is stopping nuclear weapons proliferation and information is provided on depleted uranium.


I. Y2K and Nuclear Power

• British American Security Information Council
• Y2K and Nuclear Weapons
• Mother's Alert: "The immediate problem we address is the possibility of an accident at a nuclear facility due to y2k technological breakdowns starting January 1, 2000."
• Nuclear Regulatory Commission - The Year 2000 Issue
• Special Committee on the Year 2000 Technology Problem of the United States Senate
• Hearing: International Year 2000 Issues: Will the World Be Ready?
• Y2K and Russia: Committee will Examine National Security and Nuclear Safety
• The Y2K World Atomic Safety Holiday (WASH) Campaign
• Trend Monitor Online
• Year 2000 Risks: Energy
• ZDNet
• Daily Fix:  Will the Economy Tank in Y2K?